How much fibre a woven reinforcement holds
A unit cell of a woven reinforcement in section: flat tows, the thickness they add up to, and the wave the warp makes to cross them. The bar below is the fibre volume fraction against the same tows laid flat in two plies and against the packing factor of a tow, which is the most any cloth of them could be. The vertical scale is exaggerated so the interlacing is legible; the horizontal scale is the cloth's own.
3 essays call
vf. The drawing above is what it returns with no arguments at all; every
call below passes it something, because a placement that passes nothing draws whichever
member of the family the generator happens to default to rather than the weave its essay
argues about.
Where it is called
Changing this generator changes every one of these figures.
Cloth doing a job
The crimp is the price of being cloth
A woven reinforcement is bought for stiffness along its fibres, and the usual explanation of what it gives up — fibre content, lost to the crimp — has the sign wrong. At a given thickness a woven fabric holds slightly more fibre than two flat plies of the same tows. What the crimp costs is stiffness, and the float length is the knob.
Cloth doing a job
A fabric to fill and a fabric to load
A reinforcement has to hold as much fibre as possible and still let a resin through it, and the two demands are the same decision pulling opposite ways. Both bounds are computable, the interval between them narrows as the square of the part, and past a certain size it is empty — which is the most useful thing the arithmetic says.
Cloth doing a job
A tow is not a yarn
Every geometric model on this site assumes a thread with a diameter. A reinforcement tow has a width and a thickness instead, and the two are eight to one — which moves the jammed sett, the crimp, the cover and the cloth's thickness at once, in four different directions, from one change.